ただし債務先進国の日本では、家計300兆円、非金融法人400兆円、政府1300兆円とGDPの400%程度の債務を積み上げてもまだ問題が顕在化しません。今も毎年政府債務は30兆円増え続けており、一方GDPはほとんど増えていません。多分海外の政策立案者はこれを先例 or 目安として見ているような気がします。
When
it comes to estimating China's total outstanding debt, there has long
been confusion about the real number with most putting the debt/GDP at
around 250%, while the IIF in 2017 calculated China's debt load as high
as 300% of GDP (which means that by now it is substantially higher).
Then, last year, China watchers added another 40% of debt/GDP to the total when, as S&P calculated,
China’s local governments had accumulated 40 trillion yuan ($6
trillion) - or even more - in off-balance sheet, or Local government
financing vehicles (LGFV) debt, an amount Bloomberg has dubbed China's "hidden debt bomb", suggesting the already record surge in defaults in 2018 is set to accelerate further.
昨年になり、中国ウオッチャーはさらに政務/GDPを40%追加した、S&Pの試算では、中国の地方政府は40T人民元($6T)以上の簿外債務があるとみている、Local government financing vehicles LGFV の形を取ることもある、この債務をブルームバーグは「中国の隠れ債務爆弾」と揶揄する、すでに2018年の倒産は急増しているが、これがさらに加速することを示唆している。
"The potential amount of debt is an iceberg with titanic credit risks," S&P credit analysts wrote in October 2018,
with much of the build-up related to local government financing
vehicles, which don’t necessarily have the full financial backing of
local governments themselves.
Local government debt has quickly emerged, together with "shadow
banking" debt, as one of the main risks for China's economy, because
with the national economy slowing, and as a result of a crackdown on
shadow lending and a Beijing quota for issuance of local-government
bonds not enough to fund infrastructure projects to support regional
growth, authorities across the country have resorted to LGFVs to raise
financing, according to S&P. That’s left LGFVs “walking a tightrope”
between deleveraging and transforming their businesses into more
typical state-owned enterprises, S&P warned.
So fast forward 6 months, when in China's ongoing attempt to contain
the soaring financial risks from its debt bubble, Beijing - seemingly
content with the progress it has made on containing shadow debt - is
re-focusing on the "hidden debt" owed by local governments, as officials
seek to reduce repayment pressures amid falling tax revenues.
And with Beijing adding pressure on local authorities to become more transparent with their liabilities, Bloomberg reports that provinces
and cities from Jiangsu in the east to Qinghai in the west are looking
for means to pay-off or restructure their implicit borrowings, which
include trillions in "off the books" funding via financing vehicles.
Some authorities are seeking cheap refinancing from the nation’s largest
policy lender, the China Development Bank, and others are selling off
state-owned assets such as office buildings and housing.
Efforts to deleverage the "hidden time bomb" of 40 trillion in local
government debt have gained urgency after the government recently
pledged to cut taxes by two trillion yuan ($300 billion), further
draining local coffers and adding to the possibility of missed
repayments. Meanwhile, the lack of official estimates of the total local
government debt load - S&P's CNY40 trillion estimate is just that -
which usually carries higher rates than on-book ones, makes the issue
even trickier.
There is a more pressing reason behind the rush to deleverage: as
Nomura's China economist Lu Ting said, the motive is “just that the
problem can’t be delayed anymore,” as in many places fiscal revenues and gross domestic product aren’t enough to cover the interest and principals.
In other words, China may be just months ahead of its own Minsky Moment.
言い換えると、中国はあと数ヶ月で自らのミンスキーモーメントに達するかもしれない。
With official probes now taking place to quantify the local debt, so
far they’ve shown that hidden debt in some places exceeds the on-book
borrowing, a lawmaker of the National People’s Congress Zhu Mingchun
said over the weekend, according to Bloomberg.
Meanwhile, payments due for local-government financing vehicle debt are soaring and could reach 2.3 trillion yuan this year,
according to estimates by Industrial Securities Co, which notes that
local authorities will have to carry that burden at a time of slowing
revenue growth due to tax cuts and shrinking receipts from land sales.
One possible solution is massive restructuring of the debt: in one
case in December, the CDB led a group of commercial lenders in a swap of
260.7 billion yuan of implicit debt borrowed by Shanxi province to
build highways. The debt was restructured with a tenor of up to 25
years, allowing the local authorities to save 3 billion yuan in interest
payments every year, according to Shanxi Transportation Holdings Group.
As Bloomberg notes, asset sales are also being used. For example, a
district in the northeastern city of Shenyang is planning to sell more
than 38,000 square meters of offices and government-built housing to
repay maturing debt.
Of course, since in China everything is in
some state of being a bubble, officials are simply using “the healthier
part of the balance sheet of the public sector to address some of the
hidden issues,” but they have to make sure the risky loans won’t get out
of control again in the future, because by that time the balance sheet
would be less capable of absorbing them, according to Grace Ng, a China
JPMorgan economist.
China is also taking advantage of the current euphoria involving
local capital markets: a financing platform in the eastern province of
Jiangsu, where the CDB is involved in some cases of debt restructuring,
sold a 270-day bond last week with a coupon of 4.8 percent, 150 basis points lower than a similar note the company issued in January. On
Monday, a financing and investment company owned by a city in Shanxi
province was upgraded to AA+ from AA by China Chengxin International
Credit Rating Co., which cited the better outlook for capital quality.
地方金融市場の現在のeuphoria を中国政府は有利に利用している:江蘇省西部地域での金融機関、当地ではCDBが債務再編を行っている、ここで先週270日債権を4.8パーセントクーポンで売却した、1月に発行された同様の債権よりも150BPも低い。山西省のある市が持つ金融投資会社は月曜にAAからAA+に格上げとなった、China Chengxin International Credit Rationg Coによるものだ、今後の見立ても良好と格付けしている。
"The bigger worry is the moral hazard issue,” said Zhu Ning, a
professor of finance at Tsinghua University and the author of “China’s
Guaranteed Bubble.” “Implicit government guarantees still lie at the
core of so many problems."
And nowhere is the problem of moral hazard greater than in China,
whose financial sector is approaching double the size of its US peer
even as China's GDP is years behind catching up with America's. Which
makes Beijing's choice relatively easy: keep kicking the can, or watch
as the long-overdue Minsky Moment finally arrives and topples the
biggest house of financial cards ever constructed.
最後の2段落だけ訳をいれました。 Big Silver-Stock Potential Adam Hamilton February 7, 2020 2689 Words The silver miners’ stocks are looking interesting. While they really lagged silver’s surge on gold’s bull-market-breakout rally last summer, their upleg since remains intact. Gold stocks’ own upleg peaked in early September. And silver itself remains wildly undervalued relative to gold, overdue to mean revert dramatically higher. When that happens during gold’s next upleg, the silver stocks have big potential to soar. Like the global silver market is vastly smaller than gold’s, silver stocks are a proportionally-little fraction of the precious-metals miners. As a small subset of a usually-ignored contrarian sector, the silver stocks often languish in obscurity. For decades there wasn’t even a silver-stock index, making sector analysis difficult. ...
Global Warming Fraud Exposed In Pictures by Tyler Durden Tue, 10/01/2019 - 12:25 Authored by Mike Shedlock via MishTalk, Climate change alarmists have convinced the public something must be done now. The reports are easily debunked as fraud ... 気候変動主張者たちは今行動を実行せねばと確信している。その手の報告書はでたらめだということが簡単に解る・・・・ My Gift To Climate Alarmists 気候変動活動家への贈り物 Tony Heller does an amazing job of showing how the fraud takes place in his video entitled My Gift To Climate Alarmists. Tony Heller は素晴らしい仕事をした、このビデオを見ると彼らの主張が如何にでたらめかということがよく分かる、そのタイトルは My Gift To Climate Alarmists。 The video is only 12.51 minutes long. このビデオはわずか12.51分しかない。(訳注:画像・動画がいっぱいで英語がわからなくても理解できる) Cherry Picking 例を上げると Heatwaves increasing since 1960 熱波発生は1960年以降増えているという Arctic ice declining since 1979 北極海氷は1979年以来減っているという Wildfires increa...
「この記事が面白いと思うなら、 Amaz onで買物をしてContrarianJを応援しよう 」 September Class 8 Heavy Duty Truck Orders Collapse 71% by Tyler Durden Fri, 10/04/2019 - 13:10 Preliminary Class 8 order data for September is starting to trickle in and, like the data preceding it so far this year - it's ugly. クラス8トラック発注がことしのこれまでと同様にひどい。 Class 8 orders were crushed 71% in September, reaching 12,600 units, according to Baird and Morgan Stanley. 9月にクラス8トラック発注が71%下落し、12,600台となった、Baird and Morgan Stanleyのデータだ。 This follows a 79% plunge in August. 8月の79%下落に次ぐ悪さだ。 This makes September the 11th consecutive month of YOY order declines and the 9th consecutive month of orders below 20,000. この9月で11か月連続でYoY発注が下落している、また9か月連続で20,000台を下回った。 Class 8 orde...
想像していたことが起きはじめました。次はヨトウムシ被害が顕在化するのではないかと想像していますが、どうでしょうね。6月以来ヨトウムシ被害について北京政府の発表を目にしていません、そろそろ収穫期になります。 「この記事が面白いと思うなら、 Amaz onで買物をしてContrarianJを応援しよう 」 Chinese Imports Of US Pork Soar To The Highest Ever As Beijing Faces Food Crisis by Tyler Durden Thu, 10/10/2019 - 11:25 In a time when China is losing between a third and half of its pig herds as a result of the unprecedented decimation unleashed by African swine fever - less affectionately known as pig ebola - which has sent wholesale pork prices in China soaring to all time highs... アフリカ豚コレラの前代未聞の殺処分で中国の豚の1/3から1/2を失いーー豚エボラとも呼ばれるがーー中国豚肉卸価格が過去最高に急騰している・・・ ... and prompted local farmers to breed pigs the size of polar bears ... ・・こういう状況で当地の農家はホッキョクグマ級の豚を飼わざるを得ないという・・・ ... China is increasingly finding itself at America's mercy. ・・・中国は米国の慈悲に頼らざるを得ないという状況におちいりつつある。 As Bloomber...
The Message From The Jobs Report – The Economy Is Slowing Written by Lance Roberts | Apr, 8, 2019 Last week, the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) published the March monthly “employment report” which showed an increase in employment of 196,000 jobs. As Mike Shedlock noted on Friday: 先週、BLSが3月の月例「雇用統計」を発表した、雇用が196,000増えたという。Mike Shedlockは金曜にこう書いた: “The change in total non-farm payroll employment for January was revised up from +311,000 to +312,000, and the change for February was revised up from +20,000 to +33,000. With these revisions, employment gains in January and February combined were 14,000 more than previously reported. After revisions, job gains have averaged 180,000 per month over the last 3 months. 「1月全非農業雇用は+311,000から+312,000に改定された、2月のデータは+20,000から+33,000に改定された。これらの改定で1月と2月を合算した雇用増は以前の報告よりも14,000多くなった。改定後でみると、雇用増は直近三ヶ月で平均180,000/月となる。 BLS Jobs Statistics at a Glance BLS 雇用統計概観 Nonfarm Payroll : +196,000 – Establishment Survey Emp...