ただし債務先進国の日本では、家計300兆円、非金融法人400兆円、政府1300兆円とGDPの400%程度の債務を積み上げてもまだ問題が顕在化しません。今も毎年政府債務は30兆円増え続けており、一方GDPはほとんど増えていません。多分海外の政策立案者はこれを先例 or 目安として見ているような気がします。
When
it comes to estimating China's total outstanding debt, there has long
been confusion about the real number with most putting the debt/GDP at
around 250%, while the IIF in 2017 calculated China's debt load as high
as 300% of GDP (which means that by now it is substantially higher).
Then, last year, China watchers added another 40% of debt/GDP to the total when, as S&P calculated,
China’s local governments had accumulated 40 trillion yuan ($6
trillion) - or even more - in off-balance sheet, or Local government
financing vehicles (LGFV) debt, an amount Bloomberg has dubbed China's "hidden debt bomb", suggesting the already record surge in defaults in 2018 is set to accelerate further.
昨年になり、中国ウオッチャーはさらに政務/GDPを40%追加した、S&Pの試算では、中国の地方政府は40T人民元($6T)以上の簿外債務があるとみている、Local government financing vehicles LGFV の形を取ることもある、この債務をブルームバーグは「中国の隠れ債務爆弾」と揶揄する、すでに2018年の倒産は急増しているが、これがさらに加速することを示唆している。
"The potential amount of debt is an iceberg with titanic credit risks," S&P credit analysts wrote in October 2018,
with much of the build-up related to local government financing
vehicles, which don’t necessarily have the full financial backing of
local governments themselves.
Local government debt has quickly emerged, together with "shadow
banking" debt, as one of the main risks for China's economy, because
with the national economy slowing, and as a result of a crackdown on
shadow lending and a Beijing quota for issuance of local-government
bonds not enough to fund infrastructure projects to support regional
growth, authorities across the country have resorted to LGFVs to raise
financing, according to S&P. That’s left LGFVs “walking a tightrope”
between deleveraging and transforming their businesses into more
typical state-owned enterprises, S&P warned.
So fast forward 6 months, when in China's ongoing attempt to contain
the soaring financial risks from its debt bubble, Beijing - seemingly
content with the progress it has made on containing shadow debt - is
re-focusing on the "hidden debt" owed by local governments, as officials
seek to reduce repayment pressures amid falling tax revenues.
And with Beijing adding pressure on local authorities to become more transparent with their liabilities, Bloomberg reports that provinces
and cities from Jiangsu in the east to Qinghai in the west are looking
for means to pay-off or restructure their implicit borrowings, which
include trillions in "off the books" funding via financing vehicles.
Some authorities are seeking cheap refinancing from the nation’s largest
policy lender, the China Development Bank, and others are selling off
state-owned assets such as office buildings and housing.
Efforts to deleverage the "hidden time bomb" of 40 trillion in local
government debt have gained urgency after the government recently
pledged to cut taxes by two trillion yuan ($300 billion), further
draining local coffers and adding to the possibility of missed
repayments. Meanwhile, the lack of official estimates of the total local
government debt load - S&P's CNY40 trillion estimate is just that -
which usually carries higher rates than on-book ones, makes the issue
even trickier.
There is a more pressing reason behind the rush to deleverage: as
Nomura's China economist Lu Ting said, the motive is “just that the
problem can’t be delayed anymore,” as in many places fiscal revenues and gross domestic product aren’t enough to cover the interest and principals.
In other words, China may be just months ahead of its own Minsky Moment.
言い換えると、中国はあと数ヶ月で自らのミンスキーモーメントに達するかもしれない。
With official probes now taking place to quantify the local debt, so
far they’ve shown that hidden debt in some places exceeds the on-book
borrowing, a lawmaker of the National People’s Congress Zhu Mingchun
said over the weekend, according to Bloomberg.
Meanwhile, payments due for local-government financing vehicle debt are soaring and could reach 2.3 trillion yuan this year,
according to estimates by Industrial Securities Co, which notes that
local authorities will have to carry that burden at a time of slowing
revenue growth due to tax cuts and shrinking receipts from land sales.
One possible solution is massive restructuring of the debt: in one
case in December, the CDB led a group of commercial lenders in a swap of
260.7 billion yuan of implicit debt borrowed by Shanxi province to
build highways. The debt was restructured with a tenor of up to 25
years, allowing the local authorities to save 3 billion yuan in interest
payments every year, according to Shanxi Transportation Holdings Group.
As Bloomberg notes, asset sales are also being used. For example, a
district in the northeastern city of Shenyang is planning to sell more
than 38,000 square meters of offices and government-built housing to
repay maturing debt.
Of course, since in China everything is in
some state of being a bubble, officials are simply using “the healthier
part of the balance sheet of the public sector to address some of the
hidden issues,” but they have to make sure the risky loans won’t get out
of control again in the future, because by that time the balance sheet
would be less capable of absorbing them, according to Grace Ng, a China
JPMorgan economist.
China is also taking advantage of the current euphoria involving
local capital markets: a financing platform in the eastern province of
Jiangsu, where the CDB is involved in some cases of debt restructuring,
sold a 270-day bond last week with a coupon of 4.8 percent, 150 basis points lower than a similar note the company issued in January. On
Monday, a financing and investment company owned by a city in Shanxi
province was upgraded to AA+ from AA by China Chengxin International
Credit Rating Co., which cited the better outlook for capital quality.
地方金融市場の現在のeuphoria を中国政府は有利に利用している:江蘇省西部地域での金融機関、当地ではCDBが債務再編を行っている、ここで先週270日債権を4.8パーセントクーポンで売却した、1月に発行された同様の債権よりも150BPも低い。山西省のある市が持つ金融投資会社は月曜にAAからAA+に格上げとなった、China Chengxin International Credit Rationg Coによるものだ、今後の見立ても良好と格付けしている。
"The bigger worry is the moral hazard issue,” said Zhu Ning, a
professor of finance at Tsinghua University and the author of “China’s
Guaranteed Bubble.” “Implicit government guarantees still lie at the
core of so many problems."
And nowhere is the problem of moral hazard greater than in China,
whose financial sector is approaching double the size of its US peer
even as China's GDP is years behind catching up with America's. Which
makes Beijing's choice relatively easy: keep kicking the can, or watch
as the long-overdue Minsky Moment finally arrives and topples the
biggest house of financial cards ever constructed.
Class 8 Heavy Truck Orders Crash 68% in January by Tyler Durden Wed, 02/06/2019 - 17:25 Among the latest dismal news about the strength of the US economy, on Tuesday ACT Research released preliminary truck orders for January 2019 which showed that Class 8 truck orders collapsed an astounding 68% for January. The decline is being attributed to a 300,000+ vehicle backlog potentially prompting fleets to halt purchases in the near term. 米国経済に関し最近憂鬱なニュースが多い中で、火曜にACT researchが2019年1月のトラック発注を開示した、1月にClass 8のトラック発注がなんと68%も急落した。この発注減は短期的に300,000台超の潜在在庫を生み出す。 Specifically, in January Class 8 net orders were 15,800 units (14,700 SA; 176,400 SAAR), down 68% YoY and down 26% MoM. Class 5- 7 January net orders were 23,400...
Amazonで買物をしてContrarianJを応援しよう "On The Precipice" by Tyler Durden Mon, 06/24/2019 - 14:30 Authored by Kevin Ludolph via Crescat Capital, Dear Investors: The US stock market is retesting its all-time highs at record valuations yet again. We strongly believe it is poised to fail. The problem for bullish late-cycle momentum investors trying to play a breakout to new highs here is the oncoming freight train of deteriorating macro-economic conditions. 米国株式は記録的バリエーションのもとで再度過去最高を試している。私どもはこれが失敗すると強く信じている。景気拡大終盤で強気のモメンタム投資家が新高値を試そうとしていることの問題は、マクロ経済条件の悪化にある。 US corporate profit growth, year-over-year, for the S&P 500 already fully evaporated in the first quarter of 2019 and is heading toward outright decline for the full year based on earnings estimate revision trends. Note the alligator jaws divergence in the chart be...
中国が債務増加していることはたしかです。ただ日本の例を日銀資金循環報告でみると家計、320兆円、民間非金融機関1,785兆円、一般政府 1,284兆円となります。合算すると3,300兆円にもなり、GDPの600%を超えています。 https://www.boj.or.jp/statistics/sj/sjexp.pdf この記事の統計と同じ考え方で数値を採用しているのかどうか気になります。 加えて、この資金循環報告に書かれている海外資産というのが内数なのか外数なのか?私にはよくわかりません。当然海外債務も結構な額になります。一度日銀資金循環 図表1を見てください。詳しい方に教えていただければ。 この中国のたどる道は昔のソ連とかMMTと同様で、自国通貨ならいくら発行しても倒産はしない、というか為政者が痛みに耐えることができず緩和を続けるというものです。でも最終的には限界点に達します。ソ連は建国から崩壊まで70年かかりました。 自由主義経済なら立ち行かなくなった企業は退場してもらうというのが減速なのですが、これがうまくゆかないわけです。 でも日本は中国のはるか先を言っているように見えます。ちょっと検索したのですが、日本の債務に関しては政府債務に言及したものばかりで、この記事のように民間、個人まで総合的に記載しているのは日銀の資金循環統計しか見つけることができませんでした。 China Continues To Pile Debt On Top Of More Debt Written by Jesse Colombo | Feb, 27, 2019 Like many countries, China attempted to rein in its debt growth over the past couple years, but ultimately gave up and is now back to piling on even more debt. Bloomberg reports – 多くの国と同様に、中国もここ2年ほど債務増加を抑えようとしてきた、しかし結局の所諦めてしまい、今や更に債務を積み上げている。ブルームバーグ記事ーー For almost two years,...
Powell Keeps The Bond Bull Kicking Written by Lance Roberts | Mar, 21, 2019 In a widely expected outcome, the Federal Reserve announced no change to the Fed funds rate but did leave open the possibility of a rate hike next year. Also, they committed to stopping “Quantitative Tightening (or Q.T.)” by the end of September. 多くの人が予想したとおり、FEDはFFR変更をしないだけでなく来年も不明とした。さらには、QTを9月末に終えると約束した。 The key language from yesterday’s announcement was: 昨日の発表の重要な部分はこういう具合だ: “ Information received since the Federal Open Market Committee met in January indicates that the labor market remains strong but that growth of economic activity has slowed from its solid rate in the fourth quarter . Payroll employment was little changed in February, but job gains have been solid, on average, in recent months, and the unemployment rate has remained low. 「1月のFOMC以来の情報を分析すると、労働市場は強いがQ4に比べると経済成長は鈍化している。2月の雇用環境にほとんど変化がなかった、ここ数ヶ月確実に雇用は増えている、そして失業率は低いままだ。 Recent indicators point to s...