Authored by Gordon Watts via The Asia Times, For many poor nations, it is a long and winding road to ‘debt’ and ‘corruption.’ A
journey littered with economic potholes in the shape of China’s
signature foreign policy project which was unveiled by President Xi
Jinping six years ago.
In short, the US$1 trillion Belt and Road Initiative,
along with other foreign funding, has become a magical mystery tour,
baffling the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. Or,
according to critics, a diplomatic car crash waiting to happen. 簡単に言うと、USD1T規模の一帯一路計画だ、他国投資も巻き込み、魔法の旅が始まった、世界銀行もIMFをも当惑させるものだった。もしくは、批評家に言わせると、外交的な自動車事故カークラッシュが待ち構えている。
“Compared with China’s dominance in world trade, its expanding role in global finance is poorly documented and understood,” a report released last week by the Kiel Institute for the World Economy stated.
“Over the past decades, China has exported record amounts
of capital to the rest of the world. Many of these financial flows are
not reported to the IMF, the BIS [the Bank for International
Settlements] or the World Bank,” authors Sebastian Horn,
of Munich’s Ludwig Maximilian University, Carmen M Reinhart, of the
Harvard Kennedy School in the United States, and Christoph Trebesch, of
the Kiel Institute for the World Economyin Germany, wrote.
「中国の世界貿易覇権に比べると、世界金融市場に与える影響がほとんど文書化されておらず理解もされていない、」と先週 the Kiel Institure for the World Economyが述べた。「過去10年、中国は記録的な額の資金を海外に投じてきた。これらの資金フローの多くはIMFやBISそして世界銀行にも報告されていない、と著者たちは述べる、Munich Ludwig Maximilian UniversityのSebastian Horn,米国ハーバード大学のCarmen MReinhart、ドイツKiel Institure for the World EconomyのChristoph Trebeschたちだ。
“‘Hidden debts’ to China are especially significant for
about three dozen developing countries, and distort the risk assessment
in both policy surveillance and the market pricing of sovereign debt,” the working paper added.
The study then went on to highlight that China is now the world’s largest creditor. A breakdown of the numbers showed that lending soared to around US$5 trillion by 2018 from roughly $500 billion in 2000, which dwarfs World Bank and IMF credit lines. この報告書では中国を今や世界最大の貸主だと言う。数値を分析すると貸し出し学は2018年にUSD5Tにもなり、2000年の$500Bから大きく増えている、これは世界銀行やIMFの貸し出し限度を遥かに超えるものだ。
“This dramatic increase in Chinese official lending and investment is almost unprecedented in peacetime history,”
the report revealed. “Lower-income developing economies mostly receive
direct loans from China’s state-owned banks, often at market rates and
backed by collateral such as oil,” the report revealed.
“Our new dataset covers a total of 1,974 Chinese loans and 2,947
Chinese grants to 152 countries from 1949 to 2017. We find that about
one-half of China’s overseas loans to the developing world are
‘hidden,’” it continued.
“A main challenge to explore China’s large-scale official lending boom is its opacity.
Unlike the United States, the Chinese government does not release data
on its lending activities abroad or those of its government entities. No
data is therefore available from the creditor side,” the working paper
added.
Indeed, the lack of transparency has become an issue with the Belt and Road Initiative. Launched
in a fanfare of state-media hype in 2013, the BRI is epic in scale and
has become an extension of China’s global ambitions.
Crucial to the program are strands of the ‘New Silk Road’
superhighways connecting the world’s second-largest economy with 70
nations and 4.4 billion people across Asia, Africa, the Middle East and
Europe in a maze of multi-billion-dollar infrastructure projects, including a web of digital links.
Yet in the past 18 months, the venture has been mired in controversy after being branded a “debt trap” by the US and its key Western allies.
ここ18か月間、この冒険は米国やその同盟国から「債務の罠」であるという論争に巻き込まれた。
“Similarly, China does not provide details on its Belt and Road Initiative and its direct lending activities,” the study by the Kiel Institute pointed out.
「同時に、中国は一帯一路の詳細を開示せずまた直接貸し出し活動も開示しない、」と the Kiel Instituteは指摘する。
“Apart from the aforementioned omissions in reporting to the Paris
Club, China does not divulge data on its official flows with the OECD’s
Creditor Reporting System, and it is not part of the OECD [Organisation
for Economic Co-operation and Development] Export Credit Group, which
provides data on long- and short-term trade credit flows,” it continued.
「これまで述べたこととは別に、the Paris Clubにも報告していない、中国はOECDのCreditor Reporting Systemにもデータを開示していない、またOECDの Export Credit Groupにも参加していない、この組織は超短期貿易与信データを提供している、」と書かれている。
“With regard to cross-border banking, China recently joined
the list of countries reporting to the BIS, but the data [has] not
[been] made available on a bilateral basis and the coverage is
incomplete. Taken together, these data limitations make it very
challenging to do rigorous empirical work on China’s official capital
exports,” the report added.
A graphic from the Kiel Institute for the World Economy report. 上の図はthe Kiel InstituteがWorld Economy 報告書に掲載したものだ。
Last year, a comprehensive study released by the Center for Global Development, a Washington-based think tank, singled out 23 countries prone to “debt distress.” Of the group, Pakistan, Djibouti, the Maldives, Laos,
Mongolia, Montenegro, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan were rated in the “high
risk” category.
Sri Lanka was another after it handed over control of the Hambantota
Port to China’s state-owned Merchants Port Holdings at the end of 2017
under the weight of massive loans.
昨年のことだ、ワシントンを拠点とするシンクタンク、the Center for Global Developmentから詳細な研究が開示された、23の国が「債務に苦しみ」始めている。「ハイランク」に分類されるのは、パキスタン、ジブチ、マルディブ、ラオス、モンゴル、モンテネグロ、タジキスタンそしてキルギスタンだ。2017年に多額債務似苦しみ、スリランカはHambantota 港を中国国有企業 Merchants Port Holdingに明け渡した。
Stung by phrases such as “debt book diplomacy,” Beijing has
again pledged to increase transparency when it comes to commercial
funding.
During a keynote speech at the annual BRI Forum in the National Convention Center in Beijing, Xi addressed mounting concerns in front of foreign dignitaries.
“The Belt and Road is an initiative for economic cooperation, instead of a geopolitical alliance or military league, and it is an open and inclusive process rather than an exclusive bloc or ‘China club’,” he said in April.
“Everything should be done in a transparent way and we should have zero tolerance for corruption.”
「すべてが透明で且つ汚職とは無縁でなければならない。」
Since then, the ruling Communist Party has announced plans to expand its anti-corruption campaign to BRI projects.
それ以来、共産党は反腐敗キャンペーンを一帯一路プロジェクトにも拡大すると広報した。
In the past, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection had
limited involvement in the program but that is starting to change.
かつては、中央規律監視委員会CCDIがこのプロジェクトへの関与を制限していたが、方針を変え始めた。
“How can you strike hard on corruption here at home and give a
free hand to Chinese people and business groups [that are] reckless
abroad,” La Yifan, the director-general for international co-operation at the CCDI, told the Financial Times last week. “Part of the campaign is to go after corruption and stolen assets abroad. “[We aim to] create a network of law enforcement of all these Belt and Road countries,” he added.
So, will this long and winding road finally have flashing warning
signs of “debt” and “corruption?” Or will this continue to be a highway
to economic hell? BRI nations might want to buckle up for a bumpy ride.
Class 8 Heavy Truck Orders Crash 68% in January by Tyler Durden Wed, 02/06/2019 - 17:25 Among the latest dismal news about the strength of the US economy, on Tuesday ACT Research released preliminary truck orders for January 2019 which showed that Class 8 truck orders collapsed an astounding 68% for January. The decline is being attributed to a 300,000+ vehicle backlog potentially prompting fleets to halt purchases in the near term. 米国経済に関し最近憂鬱なニュースが多い中で、火曜にACT researchが2019年1月のトラック発注を開示した、1月にClass 8のトラック発注がなんと68%も急落した。この発注減は短期的に300,000台超の潜在在庫を生み出す。 Specifically, in January Class 8 net orders were 15,800 units (14,700 SA; 176,400 SAAR), down 68% YoY and down 26% MoM. Class 5- 7 January net orders were 23,400...
Amazonで買物をしてContrarianJを応援しよう Silver Outperforming Gold 2 Adam Hamilton July 26, 2019 3232 Words Silver has blasted higher in the last couple weeks, far outperforming gold. This is certainly noteworthy, as silver has stunk up the precious-metals joint for years. This deeply-out-of-favor metal may be embarking on a sea-change sentiment shift, finally returning to amplifying gold’s upside. Silver is not only radically undervalued relative to gold, but investors are aggressively buying. Silver’s upside potential is massive. ここ2週シルバーは急騰した、ゴールドを遥かに凌ぐものだ。これは注目すべきことだ、もう何年もシルバーはひどいものだった。この極端に嫌われた金属が大きく心理を買えている、とうとうゴールド上昇を増幅するに至った。シルバーは対ゴールドで極端に過小評価されているだけでなく、投資家は積極的に買い進んでいる。シルバーの潜在上昇力は巨大なものだ。 Silver’s performance in recent years has been brutally bad, repelling all but the most fanatical contrarians. Historically silver prices have been mostly ...
Amazonで買物をしてContrarianJを応援しよう "On The Precipice" by Tyler Durden Mon, 06/24/2019 - 14:30 Authored by Kevin Ludolph via Crescat Capital, Dear Investors: The US stock market is retesting its all-time highs at record valuations yet again. We strongly believe it is poised to fail. The problem for bullish late-cycle momentum investors trying to play a breakout to new highs here is the oncoming freight train of deteriorating macro-economic conditions. 米国株式は記録的バリエーションのもとで再度過去最高を試している。私どもはこれが失敗すると強く信じている。景気拡大終盤で強気のモメンタム投資家が新高値を試そうとしていることの問題は、マクロ経済条件の悪化にある。 US corporate profit growth, year-over-year, for the S&P 500 already fully evaporated in the first quarter of 2019 and is heading toward outright decline for the full year based on earnings estimate revision trends. Note the alligator jaws divergence in the chart be...
中国が債務増加していることはたしかです。ただ日本の例を日銀資金循環報告でみると家計、320兆円、民間非金融機関1,785兆円、一般政府 1,284兆円となります。合算すると3,300兆円にもなり、GDPの600%を超えています。 https://www.boj.or.jp/statistics/sj/sjexp.pdf この記事の統計と同じ考え方で数値を採用しているのかどうか気になります。 加えて、この資金循環報告に書かれている海外資産というのが内数なのか外数なのか?私にはよくわかりません。当然海外債務も結構な額になります。一度日銀資金循環 図表1を見てください。詳しい方に教えていただければ。 この中国のたどる道は昔のソ連とかMMTと同様で、自国通貨ならいくら発行しても倒産はしない、というか為政者が痛みに耐えることができず緩和を続けるというものです。でも最終的には限界点に達します。ソ連は建国から崩壊まで70年かかりました。 自由主義経済なら立ち行かなくなった企業は退場してもらうというのが減速なのですが、これがうまくゆかないわけです。 でも日本は中国のはるか先を言っているように見えます。ちょっと検索したのですが、日本の債務に関しては政府債務に言及したものばかりで、この記事のように民間、個人まで総合的に記載しているのは日銀の資金循環統計しか見つけることができませんでした。 China Continues To Pile Debt On Top Of More Debt Written by Jesse Colombo | Feb, 27, 2019 Like many countries, China attempted to rein in its debt growth over the past couple years, but ultimately gave up and is now back to piling on even more debt. Bloomberg reports – 多くの国と同様に、中国もここ2年ほど債務増加を抑えようとしてきた、しかし結局の所諦めてしまい、今や更に債務を積み上げている。ブルームバーグ記事ーー For almost two years,...